Effects of vitamin C local application on ligature-induced periodontitis in diabetic rats

Abstract Objective: This study evaluated the effects of local vitamin C treatment on tissue advanced glycation end products (AGE), interleukin (IL)-6, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-8 in tissues; serum C-terminal telopeptide fragments (CTX); and alveolar bone loss (ABL) in rats. Methodology: 35 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided equally into five groups: 1) control (C), 2) experimental periodontitis (P), 3) experimental diabetes (D), 4) experimental diabetes and experimental periodontitis (D + P), and 5) experimental diabetes-experimental periodontitis-locally applied vitamin C (D + P + LvitC). Diabetes was induced in rats with alloxan monohydrate, after which periodontitis was induced by ligature placement in the right mandibular first molar teeth for 11 days. In the treatment group, vitamin C was administered locally three times with two-days interval after ligature removal. The animals were sacrificed, and the samples were analyzed histometrically and immunohistochemically. Results: CTX, 8-OHdG, and AGE values significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to the D + P group. IL-6 and MMP-8 values decreased in the treatment group compared to the D + P group, but this is not significant. ABL was significantly reduced by the local delivery of vitamin C. Conclusion: This study reveals that vitamin C treatment may be beneficial to reduce serum CTX and gingival MMP-8 levels, oxidative stress, inflammation, and AGE accumulation in periodontal tissue. Vitamin C may be an immunomodulator and antioxidant locally applied in the treatment of periodontitis to reduce the adverse effects of diabetes in periodontal tissues.

Chemometrics Assisted Raman Spectroscopy: A Non-Invasive Approach in Diagnosis and Monitoring of Colorectal Cancer

Objective: Colorectal cancer is a commonly encountered cancer worldwide about 1.4 million new cases diagnosed and 693,900 deaths occurred per year. Colorectal cancer could be stopped and highly curable if diagnosed early. In this proposed study, the main goal is to develop accurate, sensitive and rapid Raman spectroscopy method in colorectal cancer diagnosis of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples. Methods: In the proposed method, samples were deparaffinized and prepared as 20 microns of dimension that was located on a coverslip. The instrument produces a continuum laser at 785 nm that were applied to both healthy and cancer tissues. Wavenumber of 50-1800 cm-1 was scanned to get information about the metabolic variation in each group. Results: Accuracy of the method was calculated by comparing the results regarding the histopathological evaluation. Healthy and cancer tissues formed two unique clusters via chemometrics algorithm. The rapid, easy and precise diagnosis was achieved for colorectal cancer diagnosis. By this method, some beneficial information regarding the variation in several metabolites was also obtained from the spectrum. Conclusion: It is reported that the optimized method represents an important opportunity for clustering and separating cancer tissues from healthy ones. This novel, rapid, precise and numerical approach may be an effective alternative for the conventional methods.